0%

Ubuntu 18.04 开机自启问题

Ubuntu 18.04 使用 systemctl 命令来替换了 service 和 chkconfig 的功能。主要是开机启动比以前复杂多了。systemd 默认读取 /etc/systemd/system/ 下的配置文件,该目录下的文件会链接 /lib/systemd/system/ 下的文件。

执行 ls /lib/systemd/system 可以看到有很多启动脚本,其中就有我们需要的 rc.local.service

打开脚本内容(如果没有就创建):

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

# This unit gets pulled automatically into multi-user.target by
# systemd-rc-local-generator if /etc/rc.local is executable.
[Unit]
Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility
Documentation=man:systemd-rc-local-generator(8)
ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.local
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=yes
GuessMainPID=no

一般正常的启动文件主要分成三部分

[Unit] 段: 启动顺序与依赖关系 [Service] 段: 启动行为,如何启动,启动类型 [Install] 段: 定义如何安装这个配置文件,即怎样做到开机启动

可以看出,/etc/rc.local 的启动顺序是在网络后面,但是显然它少了 Install 段,也就没有定义如何做到开机启动,所以显然这样配置是无效的。 因此我们就需要在后面帮他加上 [Install] 段:

1
2
3
[Install]  
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=rc-local.service

所以完整的 rc.local.service 文件是这样的:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
[Unit]
Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility
Documentation=man:systemd-rc-local-generator(8)
ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.local
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=yes
GuessMainPID=no

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=rc-local.service

这里需要注意一下,ubuntu-18.04 server 版默认是没有 /etc/rc.local 这个文件的,需要自己创建:

1
sudo touch /etc/rc.local

然后把你需要启动脚本写入 /etc/rc.local ,我们不妨写一些测试的脚本放在里面,以便验证脚本是否生效.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
echo "看到这行字,说明添加自启动脚本成功。" > /usr/local/test.log
exit 0

记得给加上执行权限:

1
sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local

前面我们说 systemd 默认读取 /etc/systemd/system 下的配置文件, 所以还需要在 /etc/systemd/system 目录下创建软链接:

1
ln -s /lib/systemd/system/rc.local.service /etc/systemd/system/

还有最后一步,启用服务、启动服务并检查状态

1
2
3
sudo systemctl enable rc-local.service
sudo systemctl start rc-local.service
sudo systemctl status rc-local.service

重启并检查test.log文件

cat /usr/local/test.log

-------The end of this article  Thank you for your reading-------